When most people think of trauma, they think of what are called “ big T” traumas - catastrophic events like natural disasters, war, pandemics, car accidents, or sexual assault.
Some individuals who have experienced “big T” traumas can develop symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD.
In order for someone to meet criteria for PTSD, it requires them to have been exposed to a a situation in which there was:
actual or threatened injury, death or sexual violence in that the individual experienced it themselves or learned that this happened to a close friend or family member. This can also occur in cases where someone is exposed to significant details of a traumatic event, such as a first responder (APA, 2013).
With PTSD, individuals can experience various symptoms including: flashbacks, nightmares, difficulties concentrating, anxiety, fear, hypervigilance, etc. (APA, 2013). For a comprehensive exploration of PTSD criteria and symptoms, refer to this resource
It is widely acknowledged that exposure to extreme events can result in ongoing symptoms, impacting daily functioning and causing significant distress.
What is talked about less, is what can be classified as “small t” traumas. These traumas can include events or experiences that significantly change how you think or feel about yourself, others or the world.
Examples of "small t" traumas include social ostracization, infidelity, major life changes like divorce, ongoing emotional abuse, sudden or unexpected loss, and childhood neglect or abuse.
Both "big T" and "small t" traumas can affect various facets of life and functioning:
Ability to form trusting relationships
Concentration at work
Self-esteem
Emotional regulation and management
Sense of self, contributing to feelings of shame or worthlessness
If you are wondering whether you might benefit participating in therapy, consider scheduling a consultation with a professional to learn about your treatment options.
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References:
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
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